Use of cookies

Cookies

Use of cookies by this site

This website uses cookies, as most websites do, to make the site work efficiently and give you the best experience. Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer or mobile device when you browse websites. For more information on our use of cookies please see our privacy policy.

How this site uses cookie

All cookies are either session (deleted from your device after you leave the website) or permanent (not deleted from your device after you leave the website. They remain on your device for a longer period of time).

The cookies used on this website are as follows:


If you use different devices to view and access the Site (e.g. your computer, smartphone, tablet etc) you will need to ensure that each browser on each device is adjusted to suit your cookie preferences.

For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the tables below. 

Cookie Type

Purpose

Data Collection

Session cookies

 

Session cookies allow users to be recognized within a website so any page changes or item or data selection you do is remembered from page to page.

Session cookies do not collect information from the user’s computer. They typically will store information in the form of a session identification that does not personally identify the user.

Permanent cookies

These remain in operation, even when you have closed the browser. They remember your login details and password so you don’t have to type them in every time you use the site.

Persistent cookies are used to collect identifying information about the user, such as Web surfing behavior or user preferences for a specific Web site.

Third-party cookies

These are installed by third parties with the aim of collecting certain information to carry out various research into behaviour, demographics etc.

Third-party cookies are placed so that a site can remember something about you at a later time. Both are typically used to store surfing and personalization preferences and tracking information.

Controlling or Deleting Cookies

Most internet browsers are initially set up to automatically accept cookies. You can change the settings to block cookies or to alert you when cookies are being sent to your device. There are a number of ways to manage cookies. Please refer to your browser instructions or help screen to learn more about how to adjust or modify your browser settings.

If you disable the cookies that we use, this may impact your experience while on the Site, for example you may not be able to visit certain areas of the Site or you may not receive personalised information when you visit the Site.

If you use different devices to view and access the Site (e.g. your computer, smartphone, tablet etc) you will need to ensure that each browser on each device is adjusted to suit your cookie preferences.

For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the tables below. 

Performance

The table below explains the performance cookies set by this site and their purpose.

Service

Cookie Name

Purpose

More Info

Elsevier

AMCV_4D.

This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor

 

Elsevier

AMCVS_4D.

This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor

 

Elsevier

Hm_lpvt

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

Hm_lvt

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

_cfduid

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

_insp_norec_howoften, _insp_norec_sess, _insp_nv, _insp_slim, _insp_targlpt,_insp_targlpu, _insp_wid

Inspectlet monitors site's visitors in real-time and relays this information back to the servers, where it's compiled and presented. Sensitive information obtained is anonymized and only a portion of visitors is tracked

http://www.inspectlet.com/legal

Elsevier

_ga, _gid

_ga, _gid is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

Elsevier

_unam

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

optimizelyBuckets

Stores the experiments and variations that a user has been bucketed into

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Elsevier

optimizelyEndUserId

Contains the end user's unique identifier. Used by Optimizely to track information on a per user basis.

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Elsevier

optimizelySegments

Stores the visitor's segment information such as browser, campaign, mobile, source type, and any custom segments defined.

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Elsevier

s_cc, s_pers, s_sess

determines if cookies are enabled

 

Elsevier

s_sq

contains information about the previous link that was clicked on by the user

 

Elsevier

uuid230

Recipient identifier

 

Researcher Academy

SSESS

Cookie that stores session identification.

 

Twitter

eu_cn

Allow to share content through the service when you are connected, as well as to get stats.

 

Twitter

netpu

Twitter uses these cookies to collect statistical data about performance and improve the content of the adverts displayed to visitors based on the content that seems to interest them the most.
These cookies are also used for twitter widgets, such as the Share button.

 

Twitter

personalization_id

Twitter uses these cookies to collect statistical data about performance and improve the content of the adverts displayed to visitors based on the content that seems to interest them the most.
These cookies are also used for twitter widgets, such as the Share button.

 

Twitter

syndication_guest_id

These third party cookies are used to collect information about users browsing behaviour for marketing purposes including digital display and social media advertising.

 

Disqus

G_ENABLED_IDPS

Unclassified

 

Disqus

_jid

Unclassified

 

Disqus

_utma

This cookie keeps track of the number of times a visitor has been to the site pertaining to the cookie, when their first visit was, and when their last visit occurred.

 

Disqus

_utmc

This cookie takes a timestamp of the exact moment in time when a visitor leaves a site.

 

Disqus

_utmz

This cookie keeps track of where the visitor came from, what search engine you used, what link you clicked on, what keyword you used, and where they were in the world when you accessed a website.

 

Disqus

disqus_unique

Internal statistics, used for anonymous visitor data (Sigma).

 

Vimeo

_gads

Used by Google DoubleClick for Publishers to advertise on the site

 

Vimeo

_abexps

AB testing - for testing multiple versions of a feature

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_ceg.s, _ceg.u

This cookie name is associated with software provided by Crazy Egg Inc., a USA based company providing web analytics that tracks how visitors interact with pages on a site.

 

Vimeo

_ga

_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

Vimeo

clips

Recent clips for rendering

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

continuous _play_v3

Used to keep track of whether continuous play is on or not for a user

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

has_logged_in

An indicator of if the visitor has ever logged in.

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

has_uploaded

Set after a user's first upload

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

is_logged_in

An indicator of if the visitor has ever logged in.

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

optimizelyBuckets

Stores the experiments and variations that a user has been bucketed into

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Vimeo

optimizelyEndUserId

Contains the end user's unique identifier. Used by Optimizely to track information on a per user basis.

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Vimeo

optimizelySegments

Stores the visitor's segment information such as browser, campaign, mobile, source type, and any custom segments defined.

https://www.optimizely.com/privacy

Vimeo

player

A user's HTML/Flash mode preference

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

site_settings

Site browsing preferences

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

vimeo

Vimeo authentication token

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

vuid

Vimeo Analytics unique id

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_utma

Google Analytics cookie

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_utmb

Google Analytics cookie

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_utmc

Google Analytics cookie

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_utmv

Google Analytics cookie

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

Vimeo

_utmz

Google Analytics cookie

https://vimeo.com/cookie_list

AddThis

_ga

_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

AddThis

mus

Unclassified

 

AddThis

na_id

Unclassified

 

AddThis

na_tc

Unclassified

 

AddThis

uvc

Detects how often the social sharing service, AddThis, encounters the same user.

 

AddThis

xtc

Registers the user's sharing of content via social media.

 

LinkedIn

_utma

This cookie keeps track of the number of times a visitor has been to the site pertaining to the cookie, when their first visit was, and when their last visit occurred

 

LinkedIn

_utmz

This cookie keeps track of where the visitor came from, what search engine you used, what link you clicked on, what keyword you used, and where they were in the world when you accessed a website.

 

LinkedIn

_ga

_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

Demdex

DST

Audience Manager sets this cookie when there's an error sending data to adestination.

 

AdobeTM

_ga

_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

Bluekai

_ga

_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage

Bluekai

_gid

_gid is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 24-hours.

 

Bluekai

bkdc

Google Analytics

 

Functionality:

The table below explains the functional cookies set by this site and their purpose.

Service

Cookie Name

Purpose

More Info

Elsevier

acw

This cookie allows the visitor to move between different products and stay signed in.

https://www.elsevier.com/legal/use-of-cookies

Elsevier

btscommerce

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

elsevier_user_country

Unclassified

 

Elsevier

nlid

Unclassified

 

Researcher Academy

_atuvc

Updates counter on a website's social sharing function

 

Researcher Academy

_atuvs

Makes sure the user sees the updated count if they share a page with AddThis social sharing

 

Twitter

guest_id

If a visitor is logged into Twitter, Twitter can place cookies on his/her computer through the site. These are needed to use the like functionality and it gains insight about a timeline.

 

Twitter

tfw_exp

This cookie is set due to Twitter integration and sharing capabilities for the social media.

 

Twitter

twitter_ads_id

Features to share through Twitter and see other people's tweets.

 

AddThis

uid

Creates a unique, machine-generated user ID. AddThis, which is owned by Clearspring Technologies, uses the user ID to make it possible for the user to share content across social networks and provide detailed statistics to various providers.

 

AddThis

loc

Geolocate, within a State, the people sharing content via social media sites.

 

LinkedIn

bcookie

Browser ID cookie

https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-table

LinkedIn

lidc

Used for routing

https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-table

Facebook

C_user, datr, fr, pl lu, sb, wd, xd

These cookies, provided by Facebook, are set when a visitor is logged in to or otherwise using their service. This allows a user to easily comment or share an article with their peers through the social network.

 

Youtube

remote_sid

These third party cookies are saved to your device to allow us to embed YouTube videos.

 

Demdex

dextp

Audience Manager sets this cookie to record the last time it made a data synchronization call.

 

Demdex Dpm

dpm

Unclassified

 

Targeting/Advertising

The table below explains the targeting/advertising cookies set by this site and their purpose.

Service

Cookie Name

Purpose

More Info

Elsevier

_gads

Used by Google DoubleClick for Publishers to advertise on the site

 

Disqus

disqusauth

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

Disqus

vglnk.Agent.p, vglnk.PartnerRfsh.p

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

Vimeo

_qca

This is a cookie usually associated with Quantcast, a digital advertising company. They provide website rankings, and the data they collect is also used for audience segmentation and targeted advertising.

 

Youtube

APISID

These cookies allow YouTube to collect usage information for YouTube hosted videos

 

Youtube

CONSENT

Cookie Consent is a free JavaScript plugin for alerting users about the use of cookies on your website

 

Youtube

HSID

These cookies, provided by YouTube LLC, help maintain the integrity of video statistics, prevent fraud and improve their own services

 

Youtube

LOGIN_INFO

This mode may set cookies on your computer once you click on the YouTube video player, but YouTube will not store personally identifiable cookie information for playbacks of embedded videos using the privacy-enhanced mode.

 

Youtube

PREF

This mode may set cookies on your computer once you click on the YouTube video player, but YouTube will not store personally identifiable cookie information for playbacks of embedded videos using the privacy-enhanced mode.

 

Youtube

SAPISID

These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile.

 

Youtube

SID

These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile.

 

Youtube

SSID

These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile.

 

Youtube

VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE

An embedded Youtube video collects visitor information and custom preferences

 

Youtube

YSC

Used by YouTube (Google) for storing user preferences and other unspecified purposes

 

Demdex

demdex

Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.

 

Bluekai

bku

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

Bluekai

notice_preferences

This cookie is used to register if the user has accepted the use of cookies for this site.

 

Bluekai

s_cc

determines if cookies are enabled (simply set to "True")) - For Adobe Analytics

 

Bluekai

s_fid

This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor if the standard s_vi cookie is unavailable due to third-party cookie restrictions. Not used for implementations that use first-party cookies.

 

Bluekai

s_nr

These cookies collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages visitors go to most often, and if they get error messages from web pages. These cookies don’t collect information that identifies a visitor. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. It is only used to improve how a website works.

 

Exelerator

ud

Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.

 

Narative

io.narrative.guid.v2

Unclassified

 

Pippio

didts

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

Pippio

nnls

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

Pippio

pxrc

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

RLCDN

pxrc

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

RLCDN

rlas3

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

RLCDN

rtn1-z

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

RUN

RUN_ID

Unclassified

 

RUN

RUN_INDEX

This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.

 

ShareThis

__stid,_uset

Collects information of the user and his/her movement, such as timestamp for visits, most recently loaded pages and IP address. The data is used by the marketing research network, Scorecard Research, to analyse traffic patterns and carry out surveys to help their clients better understand the customer's preferences.