Cookies
Use of cookies by this site
This website uses cookies, as most websites do, to make the site work efficiently and give you the best experience. Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer or mobile device when you browse websites. For more information on our use of cookies please see our privacy policy.
How this site uses cookie
All cookies are either session (deleted from your device after you leave the website) or permanent (not deleted from your device after you leave the website. They remain on your device for a longer period of time).
The cookies used on this website are as follows:
If you use different devices to view and access the Site (e.g. your computer, smartphone, tablet etc) you will need to ensure that each browser on each device is adjusted to suit your cookie preferences.
For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the tables below.
Cookie Type |
Purpose |
Data Collection |
Session cookies
|
Session cookies allow users to be recognized within a website so any page changes or item or data selection you do is remembered from page to page. |
Session cookies do not collect information from the user’s computer. They typically will store information in the form of a session identification that does not personally identify the user. |
Permanent cookies |
These remain in operation, even when you have closed the browser. They remember your login details and password so you don’t have to type them in every time you use the site. |
Persistent cookies are used to collect identifying information about the user, such as Web surfing behavior or user preferences for a specific Web site. |
Third-party cookies |
These are installed by third parties with the aim of collecting certain information to carry out various research into behaviour, demographics etc. |
Third-party cookies are placed so that a site can remember something about you at a later time. Both are typically used to store surfing and personalization preferences and tracking information. |
Controlling or Deleting Cookies
Most internet browsers are initially set up to automatically accept cookies. You can change the settings to block cookies or to alert you when cookies are being sent to your device. There are a number of ways to manage cookies. Please refer to your browser instructions or help screen to learn more about how to adjust or modify your browser settings.
If you disable the cookies that we use, this may impact your experience while on the Site, for example you may not be able to visit certain areas of the Site or you may not receive personalised information when you visit the Site.
If you use different devices to view and access the Site (e.g. your computer, smartphone, tablet etc) you will need to ensure that each browser on each device is adjusted to suit your cookie preferences.
For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the tables below.
Performance
The table below explains the performance cookies set by this site and their purpose.
Service |
Cookie Name |
Purpose |
More Info |
Elsevier |
AMCV_4D. |
This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor |
|
Elsevier |
AMCVS_4D. |
This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor |
|
Elsevier |
Hm_lpvt |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
Hm_lvt |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
_cfduid |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
_insp_norec_howoften, _insp_norec_sess, _insp_nv, _insp_slim, _insp_targlpt,_insp_targlpu, _insp_wid |
Inspectlet monitors site's visitors in real-time and relays this information back to the servers, where it's compiled and presented. Sensitive information obtained is anonymized and only a portion of visitors is tracked |
|
Elsevier |
_ga, _gid |
_ga, _gid is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
Elsevier |
_unam |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
optimizelyBuckets |
Stores the experiments and variations that a user has been bucketed into |
|
Elsevier |
optimizelyEndUserId |
Contains the end user's unique identifier. Used by Optimizely to track information on a per user basis. |
|
Elsevier |
optimizelySegments |
Stores the visitor's segment information such as browser, campaign, mobile, source type, and any custom segments defined. |
|
Elsevier |
s_cc, s_pers, s_sess |
determines if cookies are enabled |
|
Elsevier |
s_sq |
contains information about the previous link that was clicked on by the user |
|
Elsevier |
uuid230 |
Recipient identifier |
|
Researcher Academy |
SSESS |
Cookie that stores session identification. |
|
|
eu_cn |
Allow to share content through the service when you are connected, as well as to get stats. |
|
|
netpu |
Twitter uses these cookies to collect statistical data about performance and improve the content of the adverts displayed to visitors based on the content that seems to interest them the most. |
|
|
personalization_id |
Twitter uses these cookies to collect statistical data about performance and improve the content of the adverts displayed to visitors based on the content that seems to interest them the most. |
|
|
syndication_guest_id |
These third party cookies are used to collect information about users browsing behaviour for marketing purposes including digital display and social media advertising. |
|
Disqus |
G_ENABLED_IDPS |
Unclassified |
|
Disqus |
_jid |
Unclassified |
|
Disqus |
_utma |
This cookie keeps track of the number of times a visitor has been to the site pertaining to the cookie, when their first visit was, and when their last visit occurred. |
|
Disqus |
_utmc |
This cookie takes a timestamp of the exact moment in time when a visitor leaves a site. |
|
Disqus |
_utmz |
This cookie keeps track of where the visitor came from, what search engine you used, what link you clicked on, what keyword you used, and where they were in the world when you accessed a website. |
|
Disqus |
disqus_unique |
Internal statistics, used for anonymous visitor data (Sigma). |
|
Vimeo |
_gads |
Used by Google DoubleClick for Publishers to advertise on the site |
|
Vimeo |
_abexps |
AB testing - for testing multiple versions of a feature |
|
Vimeo |
_ceg.s, _ceg.u |
This cookie name is associated with software provided by Crazy Egg Inc., a USA based company providing web analytics that tracks how visitors interact with pages on a site. |
|
Vimeo |
_ga |
_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
Vimeo |
clips |
Recent clips for rendering |
|
Vimeo |
continuous _play_v3 |
Used to keep track of whether continuous play is on or not for a user |
|
Vimeo |
has_logged_in |
An indicator of if the visitor has ever logged in. |
|
Vimeo |
has_uploaded |
Set after a user's first upload |
|
Vimeo |
is_logged_in |
An indicator of if the visitor has ever logged in. |
|
Vimeo |
optimizelyBuckets |
Stores the experiments and variations that a user has been bucketed into |
|
Vimeo |
optimizelyEndUserId |
Contains the end user's unique identifier. Used by Optimizely to track information on a per user basis. |
|
Vimeo |
optimizelySegments |
Stores the visitor's segment information such as browser, campaign, mobile, source type, and any custom segments defined. |
|
Vimeo |
player |
A user's HTML/Flash mode preference |
|
Vimeo |
site_settings |
Site browsing preferences |
|
Vimeo |
vimeo |
Vimeo authentication token |
|
Vimeo |
vuid |
Vimeo Analytics unique id |
|
Vimeo |
_utma |
Google Analytics cookie |
|
Vimeo |
_utmb |
Google Analytics cookie |
|
Vimeo |
_utmc |
Google Analytics cookie |
|
Vimeo |
_utmv |
Google Analytics cookie |
|
Vimeo |
_utmz |
Google Analytics cookie |
|
AddThis |
_ga |
_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
AddThis |
mus |
Unclassified |
|
AddThis |
na_id |
Unclassified |
|
AddThis |
na_tc |
Unclassified |
|
AddThis |
uvc |
Detects how often the social sharing service, AddThis, encounters the same user. |
|
AddThis |
xtc |
Registers the user's sharing of content via social media. |
|
|
_utma |
This cookie keeps track of the number of times a visitor has been to the site pertaining to the cookie, when their first visit was, and when their last visit occurred |
|
|
_utmz |
This cookie keeps track of where the visitor came from, what search engine you used, what link you clicked on, what keyword you used, and where they were in the world when you accessed a website. |
|
|
_ga |
_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
Demdex |
DST |
Audience Manager sets this cookie when there's an error sending data to adestination. |
|
AdobeTM |
_ga |
_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
Bluekai |
_ga |
_ga is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 2-years. |
https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage |
Bluekai |
_gid |
_gid is used to distinguish users and has an expiration of 24-hours. |
|
Bluekai |
bkdc |
Google Analytics |
|
Functionality:
The table below explains the functional cookies set by this site and their purpose.
Service |
Cookie Name |
Purpose |
More Info |
Elsevier |
acw |
This cookie allows the visitor to move between different products and stay signed in. |
|
Elsevier |
btscommerce |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
elsevier_user_country |
Unclassified |
|
Elsevier |
nlid |
Unclassified |
|
Researcher Academy |
_atuvc |
Updates counter on a website's social sharing function |
|
Researcher Academy |
_atuvs |
Makes sure the user sees the updated count if they share a page with AddThis social sharing |
|
|
guest_id |
If a visitor is logged into Twitter, Twitter can place cookies on his/her computer through the site. These are needed to use the like functionality and it gains insight about a timeline. |
|
|
tfw_exp |
This cookie is set due to Twitter integration and sharing capabilities for the social media. |
|
|
twitter_ads_id |
Features to share through Twitter and see other people's tweets. |
|
AddThis |
uid |
Creates a unique, machine-generated user ID. AddThis, which is owned by Clearspring Technologies, uses the user ID to make it possible for the user to share content across social networks and provide detailed statistics to various providers. |
|
AddThis |
loc |
Geolocate, within a State, the people sharing content via social media sites. |
|
|
bcookie |
Browser ID cookie |
|
|
lidc |
Used for routing |
|
|
C_user, datr, fr, pl lu, sb, wd, xd |
These cookies, provided by Facebook, are set when a visitor is logged in to or otherwise using their service. This allows a user to easily comment or share an article with their peers through the social network. |
|
Youtube |
remote_sid |
These third party cookies are saved to your device to allow us to embed YouTube videos. |
|
Demdex |
dextp |
Audience Manager sets this cookie to record the last time it made a data synchronization call. |
|
Demdex Dpm |
dpm |
Unclassified |
|
Targeting/Advertising
The table below explains the targeting/advertising cookies set by this site and their purpose.
Service |
Cookie Name |
Purpose |
More Info |
Elsevier |
_gads |
Used by Google DoubleClick for Publishers to advertise on the site |
|
Disqus |
disqusauth |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
Disqus |
vglnk.Agent.p, vglnk.PartnerRfsh.p |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
Vimeo |
_qca |
This is a cookie usually associated with Quantcast, a digital advertising company. They provide website rankings, and the data they collect is also used for audience segmentation and targeted advertising. |
|
Youtube |
APISID |
These cookies allow YouTube to collect usage information for YouTube hosted videos |
|
Youtube |
CONSENT |
Cookie Consent is a free JavaScript plugin for alerting users about the use of cookies on your website |
|
Youtube |
HSID |
These cookies, provided by YouTube LLC, help maintain the integrity of video statistics, prevent fraud and improve their own services |
|
Youtube |
LOGIN_INFO |
This mode may set cookies on your computer once you click on the YouTube video player, but YouTube will not store personally identifiable cookie information for playbacks of embedded videos using the privacy-enhanced mode. |
|
Youtube |
PREF |
This mode may set cookies on your computer once you click on the YouTube video player, but YouTube will not store personally identifiable cookie information for playbacks of embedded videos using the privacy-enhanced mode. |
|
Youtube |
SAPISID |
These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile. |
|
Youtube |
SID |
These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile. |
|
Youtube |
SSID |
These cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used in conjunction with the Google+1 button to enable you to share information publicly, as part of your Google Profile. |
|
Youtube |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE |
An embedded Youtube video collects visitor information and custom preferences |
|
Youtube |
YSC |
Used by YouTube (Google) for storing user preferences and other unspecified purposes |
|
Demdex |
demdex |
Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
|
Bluekai |
bku |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
Bluekai |
notice_preferences |
This cookie is used to register if the user has accepted the use of cookies for this site. |
|
Bluekai |
s_cc |
determines if cookies are enabled (simply set to "True")) - For Adobe Analytics |
|
Bluekai |
s_fid |
This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor if the standard s_vi cookie is unavailable due to third-party cookie restrictions. Not used for implementations that use first-party cookies. |
|
Bluekai |
s_nr |
These cookies collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages visitors go to most often, and if they get error messages from web pages. These cookies don’t collect information that identifies a visitor. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. It is only used to improve how a website works. |
|
Exelerator |
ud |
Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
|
Narative |
io.narrative.guid.v2 |
Unclassified |
|
Pippio |
didts |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
Pippio |
nnls |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
Pippio |
pxrc |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
RLCDN |
pxrc |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
RLCDN |
rlas3 |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
RLCDN |
rtn1-z |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
RUN |
RUN_ID |
Unclassified |
|
RUN |
RUN_INDEX |
This cookie is used to deliver adverts more relevant to you and your interests. It is also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement as well as help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. |
|
ShareThis |
__stid,_uset |
Collects information of the user and his/her movement, such as timestamp for visits, most recently loaded pages and IP address. The data is used by the marketing research network, Scorecard Research, to analyse traffic patterns and carry out surveys to help their clients better understand the customer's preferences. |
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